Mayar da °R zuwa °F Rankine ↔ Fahrenheit Kyauta A kan layi Amintacce
Ku rubuta yanayin zafi a Rankine ku karanta shi a Fahrenheit nan take. Alaƙar daidai ce bisa ayyanawa, lissafin yana faruwa a cikin burauzarku, kuma ba a aika komai ko'ina ba.
Ba a ɗora komai ba
Ƙimomin da aka fi amfani da su — Mayar da °R zuwa °F (Rankine ↔ Fahrenheit)
| °R | °F |
|---|---|
| 0 | -459.67 |
| 200 | -259.67 |
| 400 | -59.67 |
| 491.67 | 32 |
| 527.67 | 68 |
| 558.27 | 98.6 |
| 671.67 | 212 |
| 1000 | 540.33 |
Daga ina waɗannan ma'aunai suka fito
Fahrenheit ya kafa sifilinsa a 1724 a mafi sanyin abin da zai iya yi a kai a kai — ruwan gishiri na kankara, ruwa da gishiri — kuma ya sa zafin jiki kusa da 96, domin a iya raba ma'aunin nasa a sake rabawa sau da yawa. Celsius ya wallafa nasa a 1742 a juye, da 0 don tafasa da 100 don daskarewa; an juya shi bayan rasuwarsa, shi ya sa ake tunawa da shi saboda ma'aunin da bai taɓa amfani da shi ba. Kelvin shi kaɗai ne cikin huɗun da ya fara daga inda babu abin da ya rage da za a cire: cikakken sifili (absolute zero). Tun 2019 an bayyana shi ta hanyar tabbatar da Boltzmann constant, ba ta triple point na ruwa ba, don haka kelvin ba ya dogara da wani abu na musamman. Rankine shi ne digirin Fahrenheit da aka ƙirga daga cikakken sifili, kuma Réaumur, mai digiri 80 tsakanin daskarewa da tafasa, yana nan galibi a tsofaffin girke-girke da wasu wuraren sarrafa cuku.
Inda kuke haɗuwa da su
Celsius yana tafiyar da hasashen yanayi, girki da likitanci a kusan ko'ina; Fahrenheit yana yin aiki iri ɗaya a Amurka kuma yana da gindin zama a saitunan tanda da girke-girken Amurka. Kelvin na physics ne, na zafin launi na fitilu da allo, da duk abin da ya yi sanyi har lambobi na debe (negative) za su zama damuwa. Rankine yana fitowa a thermodynamics na Amurka, Réaumur kuma galibi a rubuce-rubucen tarihi — shi ya sa tsohon girke-girke zai iya ɓatar da wanda ya karanta shi a matsayin Celsius.
Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi
Mene ne ma'aunin Rankine?
Cikakken ma'auni mai digiri masu girman na Fahrenheit. Sifilin Rankine shi ne absolute zero, kuma ruwa yana daskarewa a 491.67 °R. Don juyawa daga kelvin sai ka ninka da 9/5. Yana bayyana a wasu ayyukan injiniyanci da thermodynamics na Amurka, inda matakai masu girman Fahrenheit suke da sauƙi amma ana buƙatar sifili na gaskiya.
Shin gaskiya ne cewa −40 °C da −40 °F ɗaya ne?
Eh, kuma shi ne wuri ɗaya tilo da ma'aunan biyu ke haɗuwa. Digiri Fahrenheit sun fi na Celsius ƙanƙanta — tara daga cikinsu a kowane biyar — kuma ma'aunan biyu suna farawa daga sifili daban-daban; zafin da bambancin girma da bambancin farawa ke soke juna daidai shi ne ragi arba'in. A ƙasa da shi, lambar Fahrenheit ita ce ta fi ƙanƙanta daga cikin biyun.
Shin amsar daidai ce?
Inda aka ayyana ma'aunai biyun ta hanyar juna da cikakkun lambobi, i — shafin yana faɗin haka a saman lambar, kuma zagaye kawai shi ne yawan lambobin da ake nunawa. Inda rabon ba shi da lambar goma mai ƙarewa, shafin yana nuna muhimman lambobi goma sha biyu kuma yana cewa alaƙar kintace ce maimakon ya yi kamar ba haka ba ne.
Shin wani abu da na rubuta yana barin na'urata?
A'a. Ana yin lissafin a cikin burauzarku; ba a ɗora komai ba, kuma babu uwar garke da za a ɗora zuwa gare ta. Ku buɗe shafin sau ɗaya zai ci gaba da aiki ko da an kashe hanyar sadarwa.
Dabarun HVAC da takardun chiller: Rankine zuwa Fahrenheit
Sana'ar dumama, sanyaya da iskar shaka ta Amurka tana gudana a kan Fahrenheit, amma dabarunta na yawan iska, ɗabi'ar iska da ingancin da ya dace an rubuta su ne don cikakken zafi a Rankine. Ma'aikacin fasaha da ke karanta lissafi da ya ce 527.67 °R yana buƙatar sanin cewa wannan ɗaki ne na 68 °F. Don canza °R zuwa °F, cire 459.67: 491.67 °R shi ne 32 °F, 527.67 °R shi ne 68 °F kuma 671.67 °R shi ne 212 °F. Na'urar lissafin da ke sama tana cirewa yayin da kake rubutawa, kuma sassan da ke ƙasa suna nuna yadda lambobin Rankine a cikin lissafin na'urar sanyaya iska, iskar shaka da chiller ke komawa kan ma'aunin thermostat.
Za ka sami dabarar lissafi tare da misalai da aka warware, taƙaitaccen bayani game da kowane ma'auni, kwatance, jerin lokuta na aikace-aikace daga ayyukan gine-gine da kura-kuran da za a guje wa. Ana yin lissafin a cikin burauzarka, kuma abin da ka rubuta ba a aika shi ko'ina. Don aikin ƙira, dogara ga injiniya mai lasisi.
Yadda ake canza °R zuwa °F: cire 459.67
Dabarar lissafi
Dabarar ita ce °F = °R − 459.67. Don haka 559.67 °R shi ne 100 °F, 459.67 °R shi ne 0 °F kuma 0 °R shi ne −459.67 °F. Don tafiya ta akasin haka, ƙara 459.67. Don aiki da sauri, ma'aikatan fasaha da yawa suna cire 460, wanda yake daidai cikin kashi ɗaya cikin uku na digiri.
Misalai da aka warware
Zafin iskar da ake samarwa na 514.67 °R shi ne 55 °F. Ɗaki a 529.67 °R shi ne 70 °F. Zafin ruwan sanyi na 503.67 °R shi ne 44 °F. Zafin ruwan boiler na 639.67 °R shi ne 180 °F, kuma zafin tururi na 859.67 °R shi ne 400 °F.
Me ya sa cirewa kawai
Digirin Rankine da digirin Fahrenheit girmansu ɗaya ne, don haka ba a buƙatar ƙara ko rage girma. Ma'aunan sun bambanta ne kawai a wuraren sifilinsu. Cikakken sifili shi ne 0 °R da −459.67 °F.
Saurin gwaji na hankali
Lambar Fahrenheit koyaushe tana ƙasa da 459.67. Idan sakamakon lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F” ya fi shigarwar, ka ƙara maimakon ka cire.
Ma'aunin Rankine
Cikakken zafi a digiri masu girman Fahrenheit
Rankine yana farawa daga cikakken sifili, don haka kowace ƙima tana da kyau. Yana bayyana a dabarun da ke buƙatar ainihin rabon zafi, kamar yawan iska da ingancin zagaye madaidaita, a duniyar naúrorin Ingila na ayyukan gine-gine.
Inda yake bayyana
Dabarun ƙira, littattafan injiniyanci da tebura na tunani irin na ASHRAE.
Ma'aunin Fahrenheit
Ma'aunin da ke kan kowane thermostat na Amurka
Fahrenheit yana da 32 a daskarewa da 212 a tafasa. Shi ne ma'aunin thermostats, ma'auni, wuraren saita ruwan sanyi da farantin suna na kayan aiki a Amurka, don haka kowane sakamakon lissafi daga ƙarshe ana mayar da shi zuwa gare shi.
Inda yake bayyana
Thermostats, faranti na suna, takardun ƙaddamar da aiki da ma'aunin sabis.
Rankine da Fahrenheit
Ma'aunan suna da digiri iri ɗaya. Bambancin zafi na digiri 20 lamba ɗaya ce a duka biyun. Cikakkun ƙima sun bambanta da 459.67, don haka 70 °F shi ne 529.67 °R. Domin Rankine yana farawa daga cikakken sifili, rabo kamar 559.67 zuwa 529.67 yana da ma'ana ta zahiri, yayin da rabon 100 zuwa 70 Fahrenheit ba shi da ita.
Cirewar daidai ne, don haka zagayawa yana bayyana ne kawai a sakamakon da aka nuna. Kura-kuran da aka saba su ne mantawa da alama a ƙasa da 459.67 °R da amfani da canzawar ga bambanci.
Inda canzawar ke bayyana
Yawan iska
Tebura irin na ASHRAE suna ba da yawan iska a matsayin 1.325 ninki matsi a inci na mercury a raba da cikakken zafi a °R. A 29.92 inHg da 527.67 °R, wato 68 °F, yawa shi ne 0.0751 lb/ft³. A 95 °F, ko 554.67 °R, yana faɗuwa zuwa 0.0715. Lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F” yana mayar da lambar Rankine ta tsakiya zuwa lambar thermostat.
Dabarar zafi mai ji
Sananniyar dabarar Q = 1.08 × CFM × ΔT a Btu a awa tana fitowa daga mintuna 60 ninki 0.075 lb/ft³ ninki 0.24 Btu a kowace laba a kowane digiri. ΔT bambanci ne, don haka iri ɗaya ne a °F da °R. Iska digiri 20 sama da ɗaki, tana motsawa a 1,000 CFM, tana ɗaukar Btu 21,600 a awa.
Iyakokin ingancin chiller
Chiller mai ruwan sanyi a 44 °F, ko 503.67 °R, da ruwan condenser a 85 °F, ko 544.67 °R, yana da madaidaicin ma'aunin aiki na 503.67 a raba da 41, wato 12.3. Wannan yana dacewa da 0.29 kW a kowace ton, a kan ainihin lamba na kusan 0.6. Rabon yana buƙatar cikakken zafi.
Superheat da subcooling
Ma'aikatan fasaha suna auna superheat a matsayin zafin layin tsotsa ban da zafin saturation a matsin tsotsa. Superheat na yau da kullum na digiri 10 zuwa 15 lamba ɗaya ce a °F da °R. Idan littafi ya ba da zafin saturation a matsayin 499.67 °R kuma layin yana a 512.17 °R, superheat shi ne digiri 12.5, kuma layin yana a 52.5 °F.
Bututun iska da faɗaɗawa
Bututun ƙarfe mai galvanized yana faɗaɗa da kusan 0.0000067 a kowane °F. Tsawo na ƙafa 100 da aka dumama daga 60 °F zuwa 180 °F, hauhawa na digiri 120, yana girma da inci 0.96. Bambancin iri ɗaya ne a Rankine. Ana ƙayyade haɗin faɗaɗawa a inci a kowace ƙafa 100 a kowane 100 °F, don haka ma'aikacin fasaha yana buƙatar bambanci kawai, ba cikakken ma'auni ba.
Glycol da kariya daga daskarewa
Maganin propylene glycol na kashi 30 cikin ɗari yana daskarewa kusa da 8 °F, ko 467.67 °R, kuma na kashi 40 cikin ɗari kusa da −5 °F, ko 454.67 °R. Tsarin hydronic na yankuna masu sanyi yana zaɓar haɗin gwargwadon mafi ƙarancin zafin ƙira. Kariya daga fashewa ta fi ƙasa da wurin daskarewa, don haka lakabi suna ba da lambobi biyun a Fahrenheit.
Rage danshi
Iska a 75 °F da danshi na kashi 50 cikin ɗari tana da dew point kusa da 55 °F, wato 514.67 °R. Coil na sanyaya da ke ƙasa da wannan zafi yana cire danshi. Coil a 45 °F, ko 504.67 °R, yana cire ƙari. Ana zana taswirorin psychrometric da axes na Fahrenheit, amma lissafin da ke bayansu yana amfani da cikakken zafi a dokar iska ta tururin ruwa.
Kayan aiki masu amfani da iskar gas
Tanderu mai iskar hayaƙi a 400 °F, ko 859.67 °R, yana rasa zafi fiye da wanda ke a 300 °F, ko 759.67 °R. Tanderu mai condensing yana saukar da iskar zuwa 120 °F, ko 579.67 °R, don haka yana dawo da latent heat. Lissafin inganci yana amfani da hauhawar zafin hayaƙi sama da ɗaki, wanda bambanci ne, kuma matakin lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F” ana buƙatarsa ne kawai don yawan iska.
Dabarun spreadsheet
Saka ƙimar Rankine a ginshiƙi A ka yi amfani da =A2-459.67 a ginshiƙi B. Don akasin haka, yi amfani da =B2+459.67. Don bambanci, kwafi ƙimar ba tare da canji ba. Tsara da wuri ɗaya na ƙaramin adadi ka sanya lakabi a kowane ginshiƙi da naúrarsa, don a iya ba abokin aiki takardar ba tare da bayanin kula ba.
Zagayawa da daidaito
Cirewar daidai ne. Ma'aunin zafi na filin suna karantawa zuwa digiri, don haka ambaton 527.67 °R ga ɗaki na 68 °F ba ya ƙara komai. Ba da lambobin Rankine zuwa wuri ɗaya ko biyu na ƙananan adadi a lissafi, ka zagaya sakamakon ƙarshe zuwa resolution na mai sarrafawa, yawanci digiri ɗaya.
Gajeriyar hanya ta hankali
Cire 460 ka ƙara kashi ɗaya cikin uku. Ga 530 °R: 70 ƙarin 0.33 yana ba da 70.33 °F, kusa da daidai 70.33. Ga 560 °R: 100.33 °F. A filin, 460 ita ce lambar da kowane ma'aikacin fasaha ke tunawa, kuma kashi ɗaya cikin uku na digiri ba kasafai yake da muhimmanci ba.
Alamomi da za a haddace
459.67 °R shi ne 0 °F, 491.67 °R shi ne 32 °F, 519.67 °R shi ne 60 °F, 529.67 °R shi ne 70 °F, 559.67 °R shi ne 100 °F kuma 671.67 °R shi ne 212 °F. Waɗannan shida suna rufe yawancin zafi a aikin gine-gine.
Tsanin tunani
0 °R shi ne −459.67 °F. 419.67 °R shi ne −40 °F. 459.67 °R shi ne 0 °F. 491.67 °R shi ne 32 °F. 503.67 °R shi ne 44 °F. 514.67 °R shi ne 55 °F. 529.67 °R shi ne 70 °F. 559.67 °R shi ne 100 °F. 671.67 °R shi ne 212 °F. Tsani irin wannan yana ba da damar dubawa da sauri.
Dubawa ta juyawa
Don duba kowane sakamakon canza °R zuwa °F, ƙara 459.67 ka ga ko ka dawo wurin farawa. Idan 529.67 °R ya zama 70 °F, to 70 a ƙara 459.67 shi ne 529.67. Gwaji na biyu shi ne alama: ƙimar Fahrenheit dole ta kasance ƙasa, kuma tana zama mara kyau a ƙasa da 459.67 °R.
Tsayi da yawan iska
A ƙafa 5,000 matsin kusan 24.9 inHg ne, kuma dabarar ɗaya tana ba da yawa na 0.0625 lb/ft³ a 527.67 °R, kashi 17 cikin ɗari ƙasa da matakin teku. Fanka suna motsa girma ɗaya, amma nauyin iskar da zafin da take ɗauka ya ragu. Mai ƙira yana gyara ƙarfi ta rabon yawa kuma ya ayyana zafi a Fahrenheit a kan zane-zane.
Alaƙa da kelvin da Celsius
Rankine a raba da 1.8 yana ba da kelvin. 529.67 °R shi ne 294.26 K, wato 21.1 °C. Injiniyoyi a ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa suna sauya tsakanin uku. Mafi gajeriyar hanya daga Rankine zuwa Celsius ita ce rabawa da 1.8 da cire 273.15, yayin da hanyar ta Fahrenheit take matakai biyu amma ta fi sauƙin dubawa da thermostat.
Bambancin zafi
Bambanci na 18 °R bambanci ne na 18 °F, kuma na 10 K ko 10 °C. Kada ka taɓa cire 459.67 daga bambanci. ΔT na yau da kullum na digiri 20 a ƙetaren coil iri ɗaya ne a °F da °R, kuma shi ne 11.1 K a tsarin SI.
Rubuta naúrar daidai
Rubuta Rankine a matsayin °R da Fahrenheit a matsayin °F, kowanne da sarari bayan lambar. A cikin takardar ƙira, bayyana ma'aunin a kan kowane ginshiƙi. Tebur da ya haɗa °R don yawa da °F don wuraren saitawa ya kamata ya faɗi haka, domin mai karatu da ke dubawa da sauri zai iya ɗaukar 529.67 a matsayin zafin ɗaki.
Software da na'urorin ji
Tsarin sarrafa gini yana adana zafi a Fahrenheit ko Celsius yana canzawa zuwa cikakke idan lissafi yana buƙata. Karatun na'urar ji na 70.0 °F da ke bayyana a lissafi a matsayin 529.67 °R yana nuna canzawar tana aiki. Idan wuri yana nuna 529.67 a kan jadawalin tsari, wani ya haɗa maɓalli mara kyau, kuma matakin lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F” yana gano matsalar nan take.
Duba ƙaddamar da aiki
Yayin ƙaddamar da aiki, injiniyoyi suna kwatanta zafin da aka auna da ƙimar ƙira. Iskar da ake samarwa ta ƙira ta 55 °F, ko 514.67 °R, da ƙimar da aka auna ta 58 °F, ko 517.67 °R, sun bambanta da digiri 3. Ko hakan abin karɓa ne ya dogara da haƙuri, yawanci digiri 2 zuwa 3. Ana yin kwatancen a Fahrenheit, kuma Rankine ana amfani da shi ne kawai don ƙimar da aka ƙididdiga kamar yawan iska.
Dokokin fanka da zafi
Idan zafin iska a tsarin bututu ya canza, kwararar nauyi ta cikin fanka tsayayye tana canzawa da yawa, wanda yake gaba da cikakken zafi. Iska a 70 °F tana 529.67 °R, kuma a 140 °F tana 599.67 °R, don haka kwararar nauyi tana raguwa da kashi 11.7 cikin ɗari. Ma'aikacin fasaha da ke ƙaddamar da coil na dumama yana gyara manufofin kwararar iska, kuma saurin canza °R zuwa °F yana mayar da lambar Rankine zuwa karatun thermostat.
Iska mai matsi a masana'anta
Na'urar matsa iska a ɗakin masana'anta tana ɗaga iska daga 80 °F zuwa sama da 300 °F a mafitar. A cikakken zafi shi ne 539.67 °R yana hawa zuwa 759.67 °R ko fiye, gwargwadon rabon matsi. Aftercooler yana mayar da iskar cikin digiri 15 na ruwan sanyaya. Ma'aikatan kulawa suna bin zafin mafitar da na aftercooler a Fahrenheit, amma lissafin aikin madaidaici yana amfani da Rankine.
Iyakokin heat pump
Heat pump madaidaiciya da ke dumama gini a 70 °F daga iskar waje a 17 °F yana da iyaka na 529.67 a raba da 53, wato 10. Injuna na gaske suna samun 2.5 zuwa 4 a wannan zafi. Ana amfani da ma'aunin cikakke don iyaka, yayin da farantin suna yana ba da aiki a 47 °F da 17 °F, wato 506.67 °R da 476.67 °R.
Masu dawo da zafi a iskar shaka
Tasirin mai dawo da zafi a iskar shaka rabo ne na bambancin zafi. Da iskar waje a 10 °F, ta ciki a 70 °F da iskar da ake samarwa a 65 °F, tasirin shi ne 55 a raba da 60, wato 0.92. Waɗannan bambance-bambance iri ɗaya ne a Rankine da Fahrenheit. Sai lokacin da cikakkun ƙima suka shiga, kamar a yawa, dole ne a yi amfani da lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F”.
Hasumiyar sanyaya
Hasumiyar sanyaya tana sanyaya ruwa zuwa cikin digiri kaɗan na zafin wet-bulb. Da wet bulb na 78 °F, ko 537.67 °R, ruwan da ke fita zai iya zama 85 °F, ko 544.67 °R. Kusanci shi ne digiri 7. Ana rubuta ƙimar hasumiya a Fahrenheit, yayin da lissafin canja wurin zafi da taro da ke bayansu yana aiki da cikakken zafi.
Boilers da tururi
Boiler na tururi mai ƙaramin matsi yana aiki a 5 psig, da tururi a kusan 228 °F, ko 687.7 °R. Na'ura mai matsi mai girma a 150 psig tana samar da tururi a 366 °F, ko 825.7 °R. Tebura na tururi suna lissafa zafi a Fahrenheit da matsi a psia, tare da entropy a kowace °R. Ma'aikatan fasaha suna amfani da ginshiƙin Fahrenheit kuma ba kasafai suke ganin Rankine ba.
Taswirorin saturation na refrigerant
Taswirorin matsi da zafi suna lissafa zafin saturation a Fahrenheit ga kowane refrigerant. A bayansu, software na thermodynamic yana aiki a Rankine ko kelvin. Ga R-410A a 118 psig, zafin saturation kusan 40 °F ne, ko 499.67 °R. Ma'aikacin fasaha yana karanta taswirar a °F kuma bai taɓa buƙatar cikakken ma'auni ba, sai dai idan yana rubuta lissafin da suka samar da ita.
Kankara da ajiyar zafi
Ajiyar zafi ta kankara tana yin kankara a 25 °F, ko 484.67 °R, kuma tana fitar da sanyaya a 34 zuwa 40 °F. Latent heat na ruwa shi ne Btu 144 a kowace laba, wato 334 kJ/kg. Tankin kankara na laba 20,000 yana adana Btu miliyan 2.88, ko awoyi 240 na ton. Zafi a ƙira yana cikin Fahrenheit, yayin da iyakokin inganci ke amfani da Rankine.
Absorption chillers
Absorption chillers suna aiki da zafi, kamar tururi a 250 °F ko ruwan zafi a 190 °F, wato 709.67 °R da 649.67 °R. Iyakar ingancinsu tana dogara ne a kan cikakken zafi uku: tushen zafi, ruwan sanyaya da ruwan sanyi. Masana'antun suna bayyana ukun a Fahrenheit, kuma mai ƙira da ke lissafin iyakar yana canza duka da lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F”.
Ƙarin ƙima don canza °R zuwa °F
Dogon jerin canzawa
Idan ƙimar da kake buƙata ba ta cikin jerin farko ba, waɗannan ƙarin canzawa na iya zama kusa isa a karanta kai tsaye:
- -273.15 °R = -732.82 °F
- -100 °R = -559.67 °F
- -20 °R = -479.67 °F
- 10 °R = -449.67 °F
- 15 °R = -444.67 °F
- 25 °R = -434.67 °F
- 30 °R = -429.67 °F
- 50 °R = -409.67 °F
Kura-kurai na gama gari lokacin da kake canza °R zuwa °F
Mantawa da alama
A ƙasa da 459.67 °R ƙimar Fahrenheit mara kyau ce. 419.67 °R shi ne −40 °F, ba 40 °F ba.
Canza bambanci
Bambanci na digiri 20 digiri 20 ne a ma'aunan biyu. Kada ka cire 459.67.
Rikita Rankine da kelvin
Ma'aunan sun bambanta da mai ninkawa na 1.8. 529.67 °R shi ne 294.26 K, ba 529.67 K ba.
Gajerun tambayoyi
Menene hanyar lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F”?
Ɗauke 459.67.
Menene 527.67 °R a digiri Fahrenheit?
68 °F.
Menene 491.67 °R a digiri Fahrenheit?
32 °F.
Menene 0 °R a digiri Fahrenheit?
−459.67 °F.
Shin ana adana lambata ko aika ta?
A'a, tana nan a na'urarka.
Ina za a ci gaba
Ga jerin sauran masu canza zafi: Canza °R zuwa °C, Canza °R zuwa K, Canza K zuwa °F, Canza °Ré zuwa °F, Canza °F zuwa K, Canza km zuwa mi, Canza mi zuwa km, Canza L zuwa gal, Canza gal zuwa L. Idan kana buƙatar akasin haka, yi amfani da Canza °F zuwa °R.
Abin da za a tuna: lissafin “canza °R zuwa °F” yana cire 459.67 kuma yana sanya wa sakamakon lakabin °F. Ana sarrafa lambar da ka shigar a na'urarka kaɗai.