Mayar da m² zuwa yd² mita murabba'i ↔ yadi murabba'i Kyauta A kan layi Amintacce
Ku rubuta ƙima a mita murabba'i ku karanta ta a yadi murabba'i nan take. Ma'aunin daidai ne bisa ayyanawa, lissafin yana faruwa a cikin burauzarku, kuma ba a aika komai ko'ina ba.
Ba a ɗora komai ba
Ƙimomin da aka fi amfani da su — Mayar da m² zuwa yd² (mita murabba'i ↔ yadi murabba'i)
| m² | yd² |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.1959900463 |
| 2 | 2.3919800926 |
| 3 | 3.5879701389 |
| 5 | 5.97995023151 |
| 10 | 11.959900463 |
| 20 | 23.919800926 |
| 50 | 59.7995023151 |
| 100 | 119.59900463 |
Daga ina waɗannan ma'aunai suka fito
Murabba'in ma'auni ba sa buƙatar ma'anarsu: murabba'in mita mita ɗaya ne a kan mita ɗaya, kuma komai yana biyo daga tsayi. Ma'aunin fili sun girmi kuma sun fi ban mamaki. Acre ya fara ne a matsayin ƙasar da shanu biyu masu karkiya za su iya nome a rana ɗaya, shi ya sa yake dogo siriri ba murabba'i ba — chain ɗaya a kan furlong ɗaya, murabba'in yadi 4840. Hectare da are sun fito daga Juyin Juya Halin Faransa, lokacin da dole a auna ƙasa da wani abu na goma-goma (decimal); babu ɗayansu na Tsarin Ma'auni na Ƙasashen Duniya, amma an ajiye su don ƙasa saboda hectare girma ne mai sauƙin hasaso a zuci, murabba'in mita kuma ba haka ba. Tun yarjejeniyar 1959 kan yadi, acre daidai yake da murabba'in mita 4046.8564224, don haka sauye-sauyen da ke wannan shafi cikakku ne ba na kimantawa ba.
Inda kuke haɗuwa da su
Murabba'in mita yana ƙayyade farashin gidaje, girman kafet da yawan fenti da bango ke buƙata; murabba'in ƙafa yana yin wannan aikin a Amurka da kuma a yawancin kasuwar gidaje a duniya. Hectare na gonaki, dazuka da izinin tsare-tsaren gini ne; acre na takardun mallakar ƙasa a duniyar masu magana da Turanci. Murabba'in kilomita da murabba'in mil na ƙasashe, tafkuna da gobara ne. Murabba'in santimita da murabba'in millimita suna rayuwa a wuraren aiki, a takardun bayanai (datasheets) da duk inda yankin ƙetare na wani abu (cross-section) yake da muhimmanci.
Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi
Yaya girman murabba'in mita ɗaya yake a aikace?
Murabba'i mai mita ɗaya a kowane gefe. Ƙofar ɗaki ta yau da kullum tana da kusan murabba'in mita 1.8, gadon mutum ɗaya kusan 2, ƙaramin banɗaki kusan 4. Yawanci ana faɗin fili na ƙasan ɗaki, abin da fenti zai rufe da farashin gidaje da murabba'in mita, don haka ɗan fahimtar girmansa yana taimaka maka ka fahimci ko lambar da aka rubuta babba ce ko ƙarama.
A ina ake amfani da murabba'in yadi?
Galibi don kafet, ciyawar wucin gadi da shimfiɗar ƙasa a Birtaniya da Amurka. Murabba'in yadi ɗaya murabba'in ƙafa tara ne kuma daidai murabba'in mita 0.83612736, don haka ya ɗan gaza murabba'in mita ɗaya. Ka tuna cewa ba ƙafa uku na ƙasa ba ne, sai dai ƙafa uku a ƙafa uku.
Shin amsar daidai ce?
Inda aka ayyana ma'aunai biyun ta hanyar juna da cikakkun lambobi, i — shafin yana faɗin haka a saman lambar, kuma zagaye kawai shi ne yawan lambobin da ake nunawa. Inda rabon ba shi da lambar goma mai ƙarewa, shafin yana nuna muhimman lambobi goma sha biyu kuma yana cewa alaƙar kintace ce maimakon ya yi kamar ba haka ba ne.
Shin wani abu da na rubuta yana barin na'urata?
A'a. Ana yin lissafin a cikin burauzarku; ba a ɗora komai ba, kuma babu uwar garke da za a ɗora zuwa gare ta. Ku buɗe shafin sau ɗaya zai ci gaba da aiki ko da an kashe hanyar sadarwa.
Yadi, kafet da kwalta: nauyi a kowane yanki a tsare-tsare biyu
Masana'antun yadi, masu kera kafet, 'yan kwangilar hanyoyi da masu lambu suna auna kayayyaki da yawa da nauyi a kowane yanki: oza a kowane murabba'in yadi a Amurka da Ingila, gram a kowane murabba'in mita kusan a ko'ina. Denim na oz 12 a kowane murabba'in yadi shi ne g 407 a kowane murabba'in mita. Don kwatantawa, kana buƙatar canza m² zuwa yd² don ɓangaren yanki, ka ninka murabba'in mitan da 1.196, kuma ka canza nauyi ma. Wannan shafi yana yin ɓangaren yanki yayin da kake rubutawa, kuma rubutun da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda tsare-tsaren biyu suke daidaita ga yadi, benaye da hanyoyi.
A ƙasa akwai ƙa'ida, wasu misalai da aka warware, taƙaitaccen kallo ga kowane ma'auni, kwatance gefe da gefe, yawon kayayyakin da ake sayarwa da nauyin yanki da kura-kuran da za a guje wa. Ana lissafa komai a na'urarka yayin da kake rubutawa.
Yadda ake canza m² zuwa yd²: ninka da 1.196
Ƙa'ida
Murabba'in mita ɗaya daidai yake da murabba'in yadi 1.19599. Don canza m² zuwa yd², ninka murabba'in mitan da 1.196. Don haka 10 m² shi ne 11.96 yd², 50 m² shi ne 59.8 yd², 100 m² shi ne 119.6 yd² kuma 1,000 m² shi ne 1,196 yd². Don komawa baya, murabba'in yadi ɗaya shi ne 0.8361 m², don haka ninka yadi da 0.836.
Misalai da aka warware
Ɗaki na 18 m² shi ne 21.5 yd². Tsawon yadi mai faɗin 1.5 m da tsawon 20 m yana rufe 30 m², 35.9 yd². Kafet na 24 m² shi ne 28.7 yd². Don saurin ƙiyasi, ƙara kashi ɗaya cikin biyar: 100 m² yana ba da 120, kusa da 119.6.
Me ya sa ba 1.094 ba
Mita yadi 1.094 ce, amma yanki tsawo ne sau tsawo, don haka ma'aunin shi ne 1.094 a murabba'i, 1.196. Yin amfani da 1.094 ga yanki yana sa amsar ta yi ƙanƙanta da kusan kashi 9 cikin ɗari, kuskuren da ke da sauƙin mantawa.
Saurin dubawa
Murabba'in yadi ya ɗan fi murabba'in mita ƙanƙanta, don haka adadin murabba'in yadi ya fi girma da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar. Idan lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” ɗinka ya ba ka ƙasa da abin da ka fara da shi, ka raba ne maimakon ninkawa.
Murabba'in mita
Ma'aunin yanki na SI
Murabba'in mita shi ne yankin murabba'i mai gefen mita ɗaya, murabba'in yadi 1.196, ƙafa murabba'i 10.76. Shi ne ma'auni na benaye, bango, yadi da saman a mafi yawan duniya, kuma tushen nauyi a kowane yanki a gram a kowane murabba'in mita.
Inda yake bayyana
Takardun bayanai na samfura, ƙayyadaddun yadi a g/m², nauyin takarda, kayan rufin zafi da rufin gida, da zanen bene.
Murabba'in yadi
Ƙafa uku da ƙafa uku
Murabba'in yadi ƙafa murabba'i 9 ne da 0.836127 m². Ana amfani da shi a Amurka da Ingila don kafet, ciyawa da yadi, kuma kasuwancin yadi yana ambaton nauyi a oza a kowane murabba'in yadi. Murabba'in yadi na denim yana auna tsakanin oza 8 da 14.
Inda yake bayyana
Shagunan kafet, masana'antun yadi, 'yan kwangilar hanyoyi, masu kaya na lambu da dillalan kadarori a ƙasashe da yawa.
Murabba'in mita da murabba'in yadi a kwatanta
Murabba'in mita ya fi murabba'in yadi girma da kusan kashi 20 cikin ɗari. Bambancin ƙarami ne amma yana da muhimmanci ga oda: ɗaki na 20 m² shi ne 23.9 yd², kusan murabba'in yadi huɗu fiye. Wanda ya yi oda a ma'auni ɗaya kuma ya biya a ɗayan zai iya saya kaɗan ko yawa.
Rabon ba zagaye ba ne, don haka gajeriyar hanyar kai kusan ce: ƙara kashi ɗaya cikin biyar. Kwangiloli da farashi suna buƙatar ma'auni daidai, 1.19599, kuma nauyi a kowane yanki yana buƙatar ma'auni na daban ga yawa.
Inda canjin ke bayyana
Denim, canvas da nauyin yadi
Oza ɗaya a kowane murabba'in yadi shi ne gram 33.9 a kowane murabba'in mita. Siririn yadin riga na oz/yd² 3 shi ne 102 g/m². Denim na oz/yd² 12 shi ne 407 g/m². Canvas mai nauyi na oz/yd² 18 shi ne 610 g/m². Masu sayen yadi da ke kwatanta masana'antu a Italiya da Amurka suna canza yanki da nauyi, kuma lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” shi ne mataki na farko.
Nauyin fuskar kafet
Kafet mai nauyin fuska na oza 40 a kowane murabba'in yadi yana da 1,356 g/m² na pile. Kafet na kasafin kuɗi na oz/yd² 24 yana da 814 g/m², na alfarma na oz/yd² 60 2,034 g/m². Takardun ƙayyadaddun kafet a Amurka suna amfani da oza a kowane murabba'in yadi, na Turai kuma gram a kowane murabba'in mita.
Kwalta da shimfiɗa hanya
Shimfiɗar hanya ta kg 100 a kowane murabba'in mita na kwalta ita ce laba 54 a kowane murabba'in yadi, kuma 50 kg/m² shi ne lb/yd² 27. Layin kwalta na 5 cm yana auna kusan 120 kg/m², laba 65 a kowane yd². Injiniyoyin hanya suna lissafa ƙimar yaɗawa a laba a kowane murabba'in yadi a Amurka da kilogram a kowane murabba'in mita a wasu wurare.
Geotextiles da yadin lambu
Geotextile na 200 g/m² yana auna oza 5.9 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Wanda yake 400 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 11.8. Nadi mai faɗin 4 m da tsawon 100 m yana rufe 400 m², 478 yd². Injiniyoyin farar hula suna ƙayyade geotextiles da yawa a kowane yanki, kuma masu kaya a ƙasashen waje suna amfani da ɗayan ma'aunin, don haka canji ɓangare ne na kowane sayayya.
Fata da fatun dabbobi
Fata mai kauri 1.2 mm tana auna kusan kg 1.3 a kowane murabba'in mita, kg 1.1 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Fatar dabba ta 4 m², 4.8 yd², don haka tana auna kusan kg 5. 'Yan kasuwar fata suna ambaton yanki a ƙafa murabba'i, don haka murabba'in yadi wani lokaci mataki ne na tsaka-tsaki tsakanin ƙafa da mita.
Underlay na bene da shingen tururi
Underlay na kumfa na 300 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 8.8, kuma shingen tururi na polythene 0.2 mm yana auna kusan 190 g/m², oz/yd² 5.6. Ɗaki na 24 m², 28.7 yd², yana buƙatar 28.7 yd² na kowanne. Masu kera suna ba da rufi a murabba'in mita a kowane nadi, don haka ake raba tsawon nadin da faɗin ɗakin.
Nauyin fim ɗin fenti da shafe-shafe
Fim ɗin fenti na micrometer 100, busasshe, yana auna kusan 150 g/m² a yawan 1.5, wato oz/yd² 4.4. Bango na 20 m², 23.9 yd², yana ɗauke da kg 3 na busasshen fim. Ƙayyadaddun shafe-shafe suna lissafa nauyi a kowane yanki don sarrafa kuɗi, kuma canji mataki ne tsakanin tsare-tsare.
Irin ciyawa da ciyawar shimfiɗa
Ciyawar shimfiɗa mai kauri 4 cm tana auna kusan kg 25 a kowane murabba'in mita, kg 21 a kowane murabba'in yadi, lokacin da take jike. Pallet na 50 m², 59.8 yd², yana auna tan 1.25. Kamfanonin sufuri suna yin farashi da nauyi, kuma mai noman ciyawa yana sayarwa da yanki, don haka canjin yanki zuwa nauyi ya dogara da kauri da danshi.
Jerin anka
1 m² shi ne 1.196 yd², 10 m² shi ne 11.96, 100 m² shi ne 119.6, kuma 1,000 m² shi ne 1,196. Oz/yd² ɗaya shi ne 33.9 g/m², don haka 10 oz/yd² shi ne 339 g/m². Da waɗannan anka za ka iya ƙiyasta kowace lamba, kuma mai canzawa da ke sama yana ba da ainihin ƙimar yanki ta lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²”.
Amfani da spreadsheet
Rubuta murabba'in mita a ginshiƙi A da =A2*1.19599 a ginshiƙi B. Don juyawa, yi amfani da =B2*0.836127. Ga nauyi a kowane yanki, yi amfani da =G2*0.0295 don canza g/m² zuwa oz/yd². Tsara da ɓangare ɗaya ko biyu.
Zagaye
Ma'aunin yanki daidai ne zuwa ɓangarori biyar. Ga odar yadi da kafet, zagaye zuwa sama zuwa cikakken murabba'in yadi na gaba. Ga nauyi, riƙe lambobi biyu masu muhimmanci. Kada ka yi amfani da 1.2 a kwangiloli, domin a kan 1,000 m² kuskuren shi ne 4 yd².
Koyar da manufar
Yanke murabba'in takarda mai gefen 1 m da wani mai gefen 91.4 cm. Ka ɗora su kan juna. Ƙaramin murabba'in yana rufe kashi 83.6 cikin ɗari na babban. Ɗalibai suna ganin yadda yanki ke bambanta ko da tsawo ya bambanta da ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin ɗari.
Hoton bambancin
Murabba'in yadi ya ɗan fi murabba'in mita ƙanƙanta, kamar yadda babban tabarmar wanka ta fi ƙaramar kafet ƙanƙanta. Ga ɗaki, bambancin ɗan murabba'in yadi ne kaɗan, girman tabarmar ƙofa ko biyu. Idan sakamakon lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” bai fi na asali girma da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar ba, maimaita lissafin.
Tawul, kayan gado da yadin gida
Tawul na wanka na 500 g/m² yana auna oza 14.7 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Siririn zanen gado na 120 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 3.5. Tawul na 70 da 140 cm, 0.98 m², 1.17 yd², yana auna kusan g 490. Lakabin dillalai a ƙasashe daban-daban suna amfani da ma'aunai daban-daban, kuma duk wanda ke kwatanta samfura biyu dole ne ya sanya duka biyun a sikeli ɗaya kafin ya yanke hukunci kan inganci.
Fibreglass da carbon fibre
Mat ɗin fibreglass na 450 g/m² shi ne oz/yd² 13.3. Yadin carbon fibre na 200 g/m² shi ne oz/yd² 5.9. Masu gina jirgin ruwa da masu keke suna sayen composites da nauyin yanki, kuma masu kaya na ruwa a Amurka suna lissafa oza a kowane murabba'in yadi yayin da na Turai suke lissafa gram a kowane murabba'in mita. Lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” da ma'aunin nauyi suna ba da cikakken daidai.
Tabarmi da yawan kafet
Tabarmar da aka ɗinka da hannu na iya samun ƙulli 200 a kowane murabba'in inci, 310,000 a kowane murabba'in mita, 259,000 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Tabarmar da aka yi da inji ta oz/yd² 40 ana bayyana ta da nauyin pile. Dillalan tabarmi suna amfani da ƙulli a kowane murabba'in inci, nauyin ulu a oza a kowane yadi da yanki a murabba'in mita ko ƙafa. Lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” shi ne mataki gama gari a dukansu.
Jigilar nadin yadi
Nadin yadi na 50 m mai faɗin 1.5 m yana da 75 m², 89.7 yd². A 200 g/m², yana auna kg 15. Ana yin farashin jigilar kaya da nauyi da girma, kuma odar mai saye tana a yadi yayin da takardar kuɗin masana'anta a mita. Canji yana guje wa biyan adadin da bai dace ba, kuma yana tserar da kai daga jayayya kan isar da kaya.
Gadoji, benaye da shimfiɗa
Saman gada na 600 m², 718 yd², mai layin hana ruwa na 3 kg/m², yana karɓar tan 1.8 na membrane. Shimfiɗa ta 80 kg/m² tana buƙatar tan 48 a kan saman gada ɗaya. Ƙayyadaddun hukumomin Amurka da Turai sun bambanta a ma'aunai, don haka ɗan kwangila mai takardu biyu yana canza yanki da ƙima.
Lokacin da ma'aunai biyu suke a shafi ɗaya
Mai kaya mai kyau yana buga yanki da nauyi a tsare-tsare biyu a shafi ɗaya na kundin: faɗin 1.5 m, inci 59, 300 g/m², oz/yd² 8.8. Ginshiƙai biyu ya kamata su daidaita, amma zagaye ya bambanta tsakanin masu bugawa, kuma wani lokaci lambar a oza tana fitowa daga wani yadi daban. Duba nau'i ɗaya da lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” kafin ka amince da dukan teburin, ka tambayi mai kaya idan lambobin sun bambanta da fiye da kashi biyu cikin ɗari.
Gajeren jeri don ɗauka a kai
Murabba'in mita ɗaya ya ɗan gaza murabba'in yadi 1.2. Murabba'in mita biyar kusan murabba'in yadi 6 ne, da ashirin kusan 24. Ga nauyi, oza ɗaya a kowane murabba'in yadi kusan gram 34 ne a kowane murabba'in mita, don haka 10 oz/yd² kusan 340 g/m² ne. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin hannu suna kai ka cikin tattaunawa ko saurin kwatanta kundi biyu ba tare da na'ura ba, kuma mai canzawa da ke sama yana ba da ainihin lambobi daga baya.
Takin zamani da ƙimar iri
Adadin takin zamani na g 30 a kowane murabba'in mita shi ne oza 0.88 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Ƙimar irin ciyawa ta g/m² 35 ita ce oz/yd² 1.03. Lakabin lambu a Amurka suna ba da laba a kowace ƙafa murabba'i 1,000 ko oza a kowane murabba'in yadi, a Turai kuma gram a kowane murabba'in mita. Mai lambu da ke bin jagorar ƙasashen waje yana canza yanki da nauyi duka.
Ulu, tweed da yadi mai nauyi
Tweed na 600 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 17.7. Yadin suit na worsted na 300 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 8.8. 'Yan kasuwar yadi a Ingila har yanzu suna sayarwa da oza a kowane yadi a faɗi da aka tsayar, kuma yadi na oza 14 a kowane yadi a faɗin inci 58 nauyinsa a kowane murabba'in yadi daban ne da lambar oza iri ɗaya a yadi mafi kunkuntar.
Takarda da kati a yadi
Takarda ta 80 g/m² tana auna oza 2.4 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Kati na 300 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 8.8. Ana sayar da takarda a Amurka da laba a kowane ream na girman da aka ba, a Turai kuma da gram a kowane murabba'in mita, don haka canjin yanki mataki ne a kwatanta ire-iren biyu.
Roofing felt da membranes
Roofing felt na kg 1 a kowane murabba'in mita yana auna laba 1.84 a kowane murabba'in yadi. Bitumen membrane na 4 kg/m² yana auna lb/yd² 7.4. Masu kaya na gini suna lissafa kauri a milimita da nauyi a kowane yanki, kuma canji yana nuna ko membrane ya cika ƙayyadaddun da aka rubuta a ɗayan tsarin.
Mulch, takin gargajiya da zurfin ƙasa ta sama
Layin ƙasa ta sama mai zurfin 5 cm a kan 100 m², 119.6 yd², yana buƙatar 5 m³, yadi mai kubik 6.5. Mulch na 7 cm a kan 40 m², 47.8 yd², yana buƙatar 2.8 m³, yadi mai kubik 3.7. Masu gyaran lambu suna amfani da murabba'in yadi don ƙiyasta yanki da yadi mai kubik don girma, yayin da masu kaya na Turai suke amfani da murabba'in mita da mita mai kubik.
Yadi don jiragen ruwa na filafili da tantuna
Sailcloth na oza 6 a kowane murabba'in yadi shi ne 203 g/m². Yadin tanti na oz/yd² 4 shi ne 136 g/m². Masu yin filafili da tantuna suna zaɓar yadi da nauyi, kuma filafili na 50 m², 59.8 yd², na yadi mai oza 6 yana auna kg 10. Ma'aunai gauraye suna bayyana a dandalin tattaunawa na kwale-kwale da kundin waje.
Batts na rufi da kwalliyar gado
Wadding na 100 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 2.95. Cikin kwalliyar gado na 300 g/m² yana auna oz/yd² 8.8. Kwalliya ta 3 m² tana da g 900 na cikawa. Masu sayar da yadi suna bayyana rufi da nauyi a kowane murabba'in mita, amma kayan kwalliya na Amurka suna amfani da oza a kowane murabba'in yadi, don haka ana buƙatar lissafin “canza m² zuwa yd²” don kwatantawa.
Ƙarin ƙima don canza m² zuwa yd²
Jerin canje-canje mafi tsawo
Idan ƙimar da kake buƙata ba ta cikin jerin farko ba, waɗannan ƙarin canje-canje na iya zama kusa isa don karantawa kai tsaye:
- 0.1 m² = 0.119599 yd²
- 0.5 m² = 0.597995 yd²
- 3 m² = 3.58797 yd²
- 4 m² = 4.78396 yd²
- 7 m² = 8.37193 yd²
- 15 m² = 17.9399 yd²
- 20 m² = 23.9198 yd²
- 75 m² = 89.6993 yd²
- 200 m² = 239.198 yd²
- 500 m² = 597.995 yd²
- 2,000 m² = 2,391.98 yd²
- 10,000 m² = 11,959.9 yd²
Kura-kurai lokacin da kake canza m² zuwa yd²
Amfani da 1.094
Wannan shi ne ma'aunin tsawo. Ga yanki, ninka da 1.196.
Rarrabawa maimakon ninkawa
Murabba'in yadi ya ɗan fi ƙanƙanta, don haka lambar tana girma. Idan 100 m² ya zama 83.6, ka raba ne.
Mantawa da nauyi
Canza yanki ba ya canza nauyi a kowane yanki. Canza yawa daban: oza 1 gram 28.35 ne.
Amsoshi masu sauri
Murabba'in yadi nawa ne a cikin murabba'in mita?
1.196.
Yaya zan canza m² zuwa yd²?
Ninka da 1.196.
Murabba'in mita nawa ne a cikin murabba'in yadi?
0.836.
Nawa ne 100 m² a murabba'in yadi?
119.6 yd².
Ana aika lambata zuwa wani wuri?
A'a, tana zama a cikin burauzarka.
Shafuka masu alaƙa da kalma ta ƙarshe
Idan kana aiki da yankuna, waɗannan canje-canje suna kusa: Canza m² zuwa cm², Canza m² zuwa km², Canza ft² zuwa yd², Canza yd² zuwa ft², Canza km zuwa mi, Canza mi zuwa km, Canza °C zuwa °F, Canza °F zuwa °C, Canza mm zuwa cm. Juyin wannan shafi shi ne Canza yd² zuwa m².
A taƙaice: ninka da 1.196 don canza m² zuwa yd², ka tuna cewa ma'aunin shi ne murabba'in 1.094, kuma ka rubuta ma'aunin kusa da sakamakon. Ana sarrafa lambar da ka shigar a cikin na'urarka, ba tare da asusu ba kuma ba tare da lodawa ba.